INI DAN ITU - THIS AND THAT- THESE AND THOSE

THIS / these ARTINYA INI SEDANGKAN THAT /those ARTINYA ITU
THIS / these UNTUK MENUNJUK BENDA YANG DEKAT
SEDANGKAN THAT/ those  UNTUK M,ENUNJUK BENDA YANG JAUH

Bila yang ditunjuk adalah benda tunggal maka gunakan this atau  that

CONTOH ;
This book is mine = Buku ini milikku
That bag is yours  = tas itu milikmu

Bila yang ditunjuk adalah jamak/banyak maka gunakan these atau those

These candies were bought in that store = premen premen ini dibeli di toko itu

Those boys are my students= Anak anak laki- laki itu adalah murid -muridku

CATATAN PENTING -HAVE- TO BE - MODAL- PARTICIPLE

1-to be dapat diikuti dengan:
 a.VERB BENTUK KE 3  BERARTI PASSIVE DIBACA DI
CONTOH
 It must be ommited  = Itu harus dihilangkan
We are allowed by someone + Kita diikuti seseorang
b. VERB ING = CONTINUOUS ARTINYA SEDANG
CONTOH ;
We are studying English now = Kami sedang belajar Bahasa Inggris sekarang


2. Have/has bila diikuti kata kerja selalu berbentuk V 3 (participle)  atinya sudah
    Contoh ; We have eaten = Kami sudah makan.

3. KELUARGA MODAL SELALU DIIKUTI KATA KERJA BENTUK 1 / V 1
KELUARGA MODAL MELIPUTI ;'
shall- should
will-would
may-might
can -could
must- must
CONTOH
We must go now =Kita harus pergi sekarang

4. PARTICIPLE TERDIRI DARI DUA KATA KERJA BIAL MENGGUNAKAN V ING BERARTI ME BILA MENGGUNAKAN BENTUK KE 3 BERARTI DI

CONTOH
The interesting book is on my bag = Buku yang menarik itu ada di dalam tas saya.
We are amazed by the attraction = Kami tertarik engan atraksi itu

KETERANGAN CARA/ADVERBS OF MANNER

KATA KETERANGAN CARA / ADVERBS OF MANNER ADALAH  SEBUAH KATA YANG MENUNJUKKAN BAGAIMANA KEGIATAN ITU DILAKUKAN .
 Keterangan cara bisa menunjukkan alat yang digunakan atau bagaimana prosesnya berlangsung.
untuk menunjukkan alat yang digunakan biasa ditandai dengan by atau with, sedangkan untuk menunjukkan proses biasanya menggunakan ly setelah kata keadaannya
Contoh :
I usually go to school by bus = saya biasa ke sekolah dengan bus (sarana /alat transport yang dibunakan)

 I  opened the bottle with a srewdriver = saya membuka botol itu dengan pembuka botol ( alat /perabot)

He always does the home work quickly = Ia  mengerjakan pekerjaan rumahnya dengan segera

ADVERBS OF MANNER

Adverbs of manner tell us how something happens. They are usually placed either after the main verb or after the object.

EXAMPLES

• He swims well.
• He ran quickly.
• She spoke softly.
• James coughed loudly to attract her attention.
• He plays the flute beautifully. (after the direct object)
• He ate the chocolate cake greedily. (after the direct object)

An adverb of manner cannot be put between a verb and its direct object. The adverb must be placed either before the verb or at the end of the clause.

EXAMPLES

• He ate greedily the chocolate cake. [incorrect]
• He ate the chocolate cake greedily. [correct]
• He greedily ate the chocolate cake. [correct]
• He gave us generously the money. [incorrect]
• He gave us the money generously. [correct]
• He generously gave us the money. [correct]

If there is a preposition before the verb's object, you can place the adverb of manner either before the preposition or after the object.

EXAMPLES

• The child ran happily towards his mother.
• The child ran towards his mother happily.

Adverbs of manner should always come immediately after verbs which have no object (intransitive verbs).

EXAMPLES

• The town grew quickly after 1997.
• He waited patiently for his mother to arrive.

These common adverbs of manner are almost always placed directly after the verb: well, badly, hard, & fast

EXAMPLES

• He swam well despite being tired.
• The rain fell hard during the storm.

The position of the adverb is important when there is more than one verb in a sentence. If the adverb is placed before or after the main verb, it modifies only that verb. If the adverb is placed after a clause, then it modifies the whole action described by the clause. Notice the difference in meaning between the following sentences.

Example	Meaning
She quickly agreed to re-type the letter.	the agreement is quick
She agreed quickly to re-type the letter.	the agreement is quick
She agreed to re-type the letter quickly.	the re-typing is quick
He quietly asked me to leave the house.	the request is quiet
He asked me quietly to leave the house.	the request is quiet
He asked me to leave the house quietly.	the leaving is quiet

LITERARY USAGE

Sometimes an adverb of manner is placed before a verb + object to add emphasis.

EXAMPLES

• He gently woke the sleeping woman.
• She angrily slammed the door.

Some writers put an adverb of manner at the beginning of the sentence to catch our attention and make us curious.

EXAMPLES

• Slowly she picked up the knife.
• Roughly he grabbed her arm.

KETERANGAN WAKTU / ADVERBS OF TIME

KATA KETERANGAN WAKTU ADALAH sebuah kata untuk menunjukkan waktu  terjadinya suatu perbuatan / kejadian. keteranhan waktu bisa ditaruh di paling depan kalimat, tetapi yang paling sering adalah di paling belakang kalimat.
beberapa contoh keterangan watu antara lain :
now
yesterday
...ago
last...
when..
before...
after...
tomorrow
next...
since...
for...
contoh dalam kalimat :
Yesterday I went to Jakarta atau
I went to Jakarta yesterday

 Adverbs that tell us when are usually placed at the end of the sentence.

EXAMPLES

• Goldilocks went to the Bears' house yesterday.
• I'm going to tidy my room tomorrow.
• I saw Sally today.
• I will call you later.
• I have to leave now.
• I saw that movie last year.

Putting an adverb that tells us when at the end of a sentence is a neutral position, but these adverbs can be put in other positions to give a different emphasis. All adverbs that tell us when can be placed at the beginning of the sentence to emphasize the time element. Some can also be put before the main verb in formal writing, while others cannot occupy that position.

EXAMPLES

• Later Goldilocks ate some porridge. (the time is important)
• Goldilocks later ate some porridge. (this is more formal, like a policeman's report)
• Goldilocks ate some porridge later. (this is neutral, no particular emphasis)

ADVERBS THAT TELL US FOR HOW LONG

Adverbs that tell us for how long are also usually placed at the end of the sentence.

EXAMPLES

• She stayed in the Bears' house all day.
• My mother lived in France for a year.
• I have been going to this school since 1996.

In these adverbial phrases that tell us for how long, for is always followed by an expression of duration, while since is always followed by an expression of a point in time.

EXAMPLES

• I stayed in Switzerland for three days.
• I am going on vacation for a week.
• I have been riding horses for several years.
• The French monarchy lasted for several centuries.
• I have not seen you since Monday.
• Jim has been working here since 1997.
• There has not been a more exciting discovery since last century.

ADVERBS THAT TELL US HOW OFTEN

Adverbs that tell us how often express the frequency of an action. They are usually placed before the main verb but after auxiliary verbs (such as be, have, may, & must). The only exception is when the main verb is "to be", in which case the adverb goes after the main verb.

EXAMPLES

• I often eat vegetarian food.
• He never drinks milk.
• You must always fasten your seat belt.
• I am seldom late.
• He rarely lies.

Many adverbs that express frequency can also be placed at either the beginning or the end of the sentence, although some cannot be. When they are placed in these alternate positions, the meaning of the adverb is much stronger.

Adverb that can be used in two positions	Stronger position	Weaker position
frequently	I visit France frequently.	I frequently visit France.
generally	Generally, I don't like spicy foods.	I generally don't like spicy foods.
normally	I listen to classical music normally.	I normally listen to classical music.
occasionally	I go to the opera occasionally.	I occasionally go to the opera.
often	Often, I jog in the morning.	I often jog in the morning.
regularly	I come to this museum regularly.	I regularly come to this museum.
sometimes	I get up very early sometimes.	I sometimes get up very early.
usually	I enjoy being with children usually.	I usually enjoy being with children.

Some other adverbs that tell us how often express the exact number of times an action happens or happened. These adverbs are usually placed at the end of the sentence.

EXAMPLES

• This magazine is published monthly.
• He visits his mother once a week.
• I work five days a week.
• I saw the movie seven times.

USING YET

Yet is used in questions and in negative sentences to indicate that something that has not happened or may not have happened but is expected to happen. It is placed at the end of the sentence or after not.

EXAMPLES

• Have you finished your work yet? (= simple request for information)
• No, not yet. (= simple negative answer)
• They haven't met him yet. (= simple negative statement)
• Haven't you finished yet? (= expressing surprise)

USING STILL

Still expresses continuity. In positive sentences it is placed before the main verb and after auxiliary verbs such as be, have, might, will. If the main verb is to be, then place still after it rather than before. In questions, still goes before the main verb.

EXAMPLES

• She is still waiting for you.
• Jim might still want some.
• Do you still work for the BBC?
• Are you still here?
• I am still hungry.

ORDER OF ADVERBS OF TIME

If you need to use more than one adverb of time in a sentence, use them in this order:

1: how long 2: how often 3: when

EXAMPLES

• 1 + 2 : I work (1) for five hours (2) every day
• 2 + 3 : The magazine was published (2) weekly (3) last year.
• 1 + 3 : I was abroad (1) for two months (3) last year.
• 1 + 2 + 3 : She worked in a hospital (1) for two days (2) every week (3) last year.

TO BE

To be secara umjum berarti ADALAH atau MENJADI

---Berarti adalah apabila to be merupakan kata kerja bantu
    contoh : I am a teacher = Saya adalah seorang guru
----Brati menjadi apabila berfungsi sebagai kata kerja murni
     Contoh : I want to be a doctor = Saya ingin menjadi seorang dokter
Sebagai kate kerj murni bentuk to be adalah sebagai berikut :

 to be ( is, am , are) - was/ were - been

  is digunakan untuk subyek yang tunggal ( bentuk present)seperti he she dan it
      contoh : She is my girl friend = Ia adalah pacarku
am digunakan untuk subyek I *(bentuk present)
     Contoh : I am your father = Saya adalah anakmu
are digunakan untuk subyek yang jamak  (bentuk present ) seperti You We They
     Contoh : We are  Indonesian = Kita adalah orang Indonesia

was- digunakan untuk subyek yang tunggal ( bentuk lampau/past)seperti he she dan it dan I
         Contoh : When I was a child I used to climb tree = Ketika saya masih kecil saya biasa memanjat pohon
were--digunakan untuk subyek yang jamak  (bentuk lampau/past) seperti You We They
         Contoh : They were boys when the accident happened = Mereka masih anak anak ketika hal itu terjadi

Dalam atu waktu I bisa diikuti were bila kalimatnya merupakan pengandaian
     Contoh : If I were you I would donate all money = Jika saya jadi kamu saya akan menyumbangkan semua uang

HAVE ATAU HAS

Have/ has merupakan kata kerja bantu yang memiliki beberapa arti. Bila sebagai kata kerja murni maka strukturnya adalah:
To have/has- had- had.
Have digunakan untuk subyek yang jamak seperti they, we, you , I
Has digunakan untuk subyek yang tunggal seperti sehe, he, it
Contoh : I have eaten, He has merried

Arti Have / Has
 1. Bila terletak sebelum kata kerja bentuk ke tiga /participle maka artinya sudah
     contoh : I have eaten = saya sudah makan
2. Bila terletak sebelum kata kerja  maka artinya memiliki/ mempunyai
    contoh He has a book = ia memiliki sebuah buku
3. Bila diikuti dengan to maka artinya harus = must
    Contoh  They have to do gtheir home work = Mereka harus mengerjakan PR nya
dan masih banyak lagi arti have/has tergantung konteks kalimatnya.
 yang harus riingat adalah apabila diikuti kata kerja maka setelah have/has dapat dipastikan V 3
   

ANNOUNCEMENT/PENGUMUMAN

Contoh Announcement Text
Pengumuman, dalam bahasa Inggris disebut "Announcement" adalah salah satu short functional text yang sering ditugaskan guru kepada siswa, iya kan? Sebenarnya, membuat announcement text (pengumuman) lebih mudah jika dibandingkan dengan membuat advertisement (iklan). Mengapa pengumuman dianggap lebih mudah? Karena announcement hanya sekedar memberitahukan apa saja yang perlu diumumkan.

Lain lagi ketika kita membuat iklan (baca : iklan bahasa inggris), kita dituntut untuk bisa merayu agar pembaca bisa tertarik. Pada dasarnya antara iklan dan pengumuman tidaklah jauh berbeda, keduanya sama-sama memberitahu. Contoh yang paling mirip adalah informasi mengenai lowongan kerja; bisa dikategorikan iklan pun bisa termasuk pengumuman.

PENGERTIAN ANNOUNCEMENT

Announcement berasal dari kata announce; dalam bahasa Inggris kata kerja announce bermakna "make a formal public declaration about a fact, occurrence, or intention. Jadi bisa dikatakan "announcement" bermakna pemberitahuan fakta, kejadian atau niat, baik tertulis atau terucap yang disampaikan kepada publik.


CONTOH ANNOUNCEMENT TEXT - LOMBA SEKOLAH

English Speech Contest

For all students of SMAN Englishindo, we announce English Speech Contest..

Time : Saturday, 22 March 2012
Place : Hall of SMAN Englishindo

Each class should register at least one student with one of these following topics :

• The Advantage of Learning English
• The Difficulties of Learning English
• The Effective Ways of Learning English
For further information, visit the committee of this English Speech Contest in ENGLISHINDO.COM


CONTOH ANNOUNCEMENT TEXT - INFORMASI BEASISWA

SMAN Englishindo gives a scholarship for 100 students of Junior High School. The following requirements should be noticed :

- High interest in English and Maths
- Certified for IT course, including Office, Photoshop, Coreldraw, Autocad

It is also allowed for Headmaster of the school to give recommendation letter to make the grantee accepted.

For further details, visit our blogsite at Englishindo.com


CONTOH ANNOUNCEMENT TEXT - UNDANGAN REUNI

SMAN Englishindo will be having a Grand Alumni Homecoming on December 7, 2012 at 2:00 pm at Gajah Mungkur Hotel and Restaurant as the celebration of 10th Foundation Anniversary of SMAN Englishindo

On this regard, we are cordially inviting you to attend the said affair to meet your old friends, classmates, acquaintances and teachers, reminiscing memorable experiences and sharing stories of success and most specially to renew our commitment to the noble ideals of our beloved Alma Mater.

The registration charges are Rp. 250.000,- per person payable at the venue. These charges include Alumni T-shirt, Alumni ID, Alumni souvenir, dinner, live band and raffle draws.

For further inquiries, please contact our Alumni Secretariat at (021) 237-2383 or text us at 08173445631.

We look forward to your presence in this once a year celebration.


CONTOH ANNOUNCEMENT TEXT - PERGANTIAN NAMA PERUSAHAAN

PT. ENGLISHINDO
is now called
PT. JAVENGLISHINDO

...and I bet you can guess why!

We produce the best spoken English Indonesian software in the region, and now we've built our own English - Javanese Dictionary for your PC and even watch. Is it amazing?

That means you can use our free English - Javanese Dictionary for your Pocket Compter, Notebook, Ipad, and your watch. Just Free to use for 30 days our dictionary. For further information, just visit our simple blogsite at Englishindo.com